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中-蒙边境地区晚中生代裂谷盆地是中亚砂岩型铀矿的重要成矿区带。针对区内砂岩型铀矿空间分布不均、含矿层位及成矿环境差异等问题，综合地震剖面、构造-地层层序、基底属性、沉积体系、古气候及典型矿床资料，对中-蒙边境地区的银额、二连、东戈壁和海拉尔-塔木察格等含铀盆地的成矿环境进行对比研究。研究结果表明，研究区形成于造山后岩石圈伸展减薄与重力垮塌控制的宽裂谷系统，盆地普遍经历同裂谷断陷沉降和后裂谷拗陷沉降两个阶段；古老基底及富铀岩浆岩提供主要的“渗入”铀源，断陷湖盆中富铀的暗色泥岩、烃源岩亦可以作为“渗出”铀源。砂岩型铀矿可划分为断陷型和拗陷型两类：前者受近源铀源、边界断裂、基底古河道和扇三角洲砂体控制，成矿规模受断陷分割性限制；后者受区域性纵向河道-三角洲砂体、稳定氧化流体和深部断陷“渗出”铀源叠加控制，其是大型-超大型矿床形成的主要类型。早白垩世末部分盆段古气候由相对湿润向干旱转换，促进了铀源活化、还原介质形成和氧化含铀流体运移。研究认为，断陷-拗陷结构转换、砂体连通性、气候转换、铀源有效性和保存条件的时空耦合，其是控制中-蒙边境及邻区砂岩型铀矿规模化富集的关键。
Abstract：The China-Mongolia border and adjacent areas host a series of Late Mesozoic rift basins that constitute an important sandstone-type uranium province in Central Asia. To clarify the uneven distribution of uranium deposits, the differences in ore-bearing horizons, and the regional metallogenic controls, this study compares the Yin-Ejin,Erlian,East Gobi,and Hailar-Tamtsag basins within a unified cross-border tectonic framework. Seismic profiles, tectono-stratigraphic correlations, basement attributes, sedimentary systems,paleoclimate records,and representative deposits are integrated. The results show that these basins formed in a wide rift system related to post-orogenic lithospheric extension, thinning, and gravitational collapse, and generally experienced syn-rift fault-depression subsidence followed by post-rift sag subsidence. Ancient basement rocks and uranium-rich magmatic rocks provided the principal "infiltrationtype" uranium sources, while uranium-rich dark mudstones and source rocks in faulted lacustrine basins could also serve as "exudative" uranium sources. Sandstone-type uranium deposits can be divided into faultdepression and sag types. The former is controlled by proximal uranium sources,boundary faults,basement paleochannels, and fan-delta sand bodies, and the scale of mineralization is constrained by structural segmentation of the fault depressions. The latter is jointly controlled by regionally extensive longitudinal fluvial channel-deltaic sand bodies, stable oxidizing fluids, and exudative uranium sources from deep fault depressions,and represents the principal setting for the formation of large to super-large deposits. The end of Early Cretaceous climatic shift from relatively humid to semi-arid or arid conditions promoted uranium leaching, reducing-media formation, and oxidized uranium-bearing groundwater circulation. This study indicates that the spatiotemporal coupling of fault-depression-sag structural transformation, sand-body connectivity, climatic transition, uranium-source effectiveness, and preservation conditions is the key control on large-scale sandstone-type uranium enrichment in the China-Mongolia border region and adjacent areas.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:P619.14
引用信息:
[1]刘持恒,蔡煜琦,刘武生,等.中-蒙边境地区裂谷盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿环境及区域铀成矿规律研究[J].世界核地质科学,2026,43(04):637-657.
基金信息:
核工业地质局铀矿地勘项目（编号：202446-4和202545-2）; 中核集团青年英才项目（编号：地QNYC2403）;中核集团“四代二期”集中研发项目（编号：地SD2601-3）联合资助~~
2026-07-15
2026-07-15
2026-07-15