世界核地质科学

高放废物地质处置地下实验室建设项目是我国“十三五规划”的重点项目。文章介绍了我国首座高放废物地质处置地下实验室场址筛选的总体思路、筛选准则、候选场址特征、场址比选的定性和定量方法、比选过程和最终结果。我国首座地下实验室总体定位为第三代地下实验室，即特定场区型地下实验室。以此为指导，综合分析对比了甘肃北山、内蒙古、新疆三大预选区中9个预选场址（旧井西、新场、沙枣园、算井子、雅满苏、天湖东、阿奇山1号、塔木素、诺日公）的地质条件、未来自然变化、水文地质条件、人类活动、建造和工程条件、环境保护、土地利用、社会经济和人文条件等场址条件和特征，先筛选出新场、沙枣园、诺日公和雅满苏4个场址。在获得当地政府同意的基础上，经国家层面的专家评审会，最终确定甘肃北山新场为我国首座高放废物地质处置地下实验室场址。以新场场址为基础，完成了地下实验室的工程设计。2021年6月地下实验室正式开工建设。

The construction project of an underground research laboratory (URL) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) has been listed as a key national project in the 13^thFive-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development in China. This paper introduces the overall consideration,siting criteria, site characteristics, qualitative and quantitative site comparison methods, the comparison process and the final result for the site selection of China's first URL for geological disposal.The first URL of China is considered to be a “3^rdGeneration URL”,i.e.“Aera-specific URL”. Based on this concept,9 candidate sites,including West Jiujing,Xinchang,Shazhaoyuan,Suanjingzi,Yamansu,East Tianhu,Aqishan 1,Tamusu and Nuorigong,have been first selected from the 3regions (Beishan of Gansu,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Preselected Regions). Then,the following characteristics,including geological conditions,future natural change,hydrogeological conditions,human activities,construction and engineering conditions,environment protection conditions,land use, socio-economic and human conditions,of those 9 sites are comprehensively compared,resulting in that 4 potential sites,i.e. Xinchang,Shazhaoyuan,Nuorigong and Yamansu,are further selected.With the agreement of local government,followed by national level expert consultation,the Xinchang site,located in Beishan,Gansu,NW China is finally selected and confirmed as the site for China’s first URL for geological disposal of HLW. Based on the data from Xinchang site,the engineering design of the URL has been completed,while the construction of the URL was officially started in June2021.