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在我国高放废物处置容器材料路线仍需持续论证的背景下，碳钢因成本低、制造工艺成熟、厚壁构件制备可行和力学性能可靠，成为重要候选材料或基准对比材料。综述了国际上高放废物地质处置概念中碳钢材料的研究现状，分析比较了不同围岩、工程屏障体系和容器材料路线下碳钢的功能定位。研究表明，碳钢材料可作为腐蚀裕量型容器、高碱性环境中的钝化外包装、复合容器中的力学支撑基体及处置包装件和辅助结构件，其长期适用性主要取决于无氧腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物膜保护性、局部腐蚀风险、氢气产生影响以及钢—缓冲材料—地下水界面演化。未来研究应从单一材料耐蚀性评价转向“材料—处置概念—近场环境—安全功能”一体化评价，为我国高放废物处置容器材料选择和长期安全评价提供参考。
Abstract：The material screen for high-level radioactive waste disposal canister in China still requires further evaluation， carbon steel remains an important candidate or reference for comparison due to its low cost， mature manufacturing technology， feasibility for thick-walled component fabrication， and reliable mechanical properties. This review summarized the research progress of carbon steel materials in geological disposal concepts for high-level radioactive waste worldwide， and compared the functional roles of carbon steel under different host rocks， engineered barrier systems， and canister material routes. The results show that carbon steel can serve as a corrosion-allowance canister， a passivated overpack in alkaline environments， a mechanical support substrate in composite canisters， and a disposal package or auxiliary structural component. Its long-term applicability mainly depends on the anaerobic corrosion rate， protectiveness of corrosion product films， risk of localized corrosion， hydrogen generation， and evolution of the steel–buffer material–groundwater interface. Future work should shift from evaluating the corrosion resistance of individual materials toward an integrated assessment of “material–disposal concept–near-field environment–safety function”， so as to provide a reference for canister material selection and long-term safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste disposal in China.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TG142.31;TL942
引用信息:
[1]高敏,乔书振,王友志,等.高放废物地质处置碳钢材料研究现状[J].世界核地质科学().
基金信息:
中核集团研发平台稳定支持科研项目(编号：WDZC-2023-HDYY-102)资助
2026-10-22
2026-10-22
2026-10-22