| 7 | 0 | 11 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
中-蒙边境地区晚中生代裂谷盆地是东北亚砂岩型铀矿的重要成矿区带。针对区内砂岩型铀矿空间分布不均、含矿层位及成矿环境差异等问题，在跨国境统一构造背景下，综合地震剖面、构造-地层层序、基底属性、沉积体系、古气候及典型矿床资料，对中-蒙边境地区的银额、二连、东戈壁和海拉尔-塔木察格等盆地的成矿环境进行对比研究。结果表明，研究区形成于造山后岩石圈伸展减薄与重力垮塌控制的宽裂谷系统，盆地普遍经历同裂谷断陷沉降和后裂谷拗陷沉降两个阶段；古老基底及富铀岩浆岩提供主要铀源，增生造山带在局部富铀岩体和有利沉积体系配置下亦可形成重要供铀区。砂岩型铀矿可划分为断陷型和拗陷型两类：前者受近源铀源、边界断裂、基底古河道和扇三角洲砂体控制，成矿规模受断陷分割性限制；后者受区域性纵向河道-三角洲砂体、稳定地下水径流和层间氧化带前锋控制，是大型-超大型矿床形成的主要类型。早白垩世末由相对湿润向干旱转换，分别促进铀源活化、还原介质形成和氧化含铀流体运移。研究认为，断陷-拗陷结构转换、砂体连通性、气候转换和保存条件的时空耦合，是控制中-蒙边境及邻区砂岩型铀矿规模化富集的关键。
Abstract：The China-Mongolia border and adjacent areas host a series of Late Mesozoic rift basins that constitute an important sandstone-type uranium province in Northeast Asia. To clarify the uneven distribution of uranium deposits，the differences in ore-bearing horizons，and the regional metallogenic controls，this study made a metallogenic comparisons of the Yin-Ejin，Erlian，East Gobi，and Hailar-Tamtsag basins within a unified tectonic framework. Seismic profiles，tectono-stratigraphic correlations，basement attributes，sedimentary systems，paleoclimate records，and representative deposits were integrated. The results showed that these basins formed in a wide rift system related to post-orogenic lithospheric extension，thinning，and gravitational collapse，and generally experienced syn-rift fault-depression subsidence followed by post-rift sag subsidence. Ancient basement and uranium-rich magmatic rocks provided the main uranium sources，whereas accretionary orogenic belts may also act as effective uranium source areas where local uranium-rich rocks were coupled with favorable depositional systems. Two regional metallogenic styles were recognized. Syn-rift fault-depression mineralization is controlled by proximal uranium sources，boundary faults，paleochannels，and fan-delta or fluvial sand bodies，but its scale is commonly limited by structural segmentation. Post-rift basin mineralization is controlled by regionally connected fluvial-deltaic sand bodies，stable groundwater flow systems，and redox fronts，and represents the main setting for large to super-large deposits. The end of Early Cretaceous climatic shift from relatively humid to semi-arid or arid conditions promoted uranium leaching，reducing-media formation，and oxidized uranium-bearing groundwater circulation. The spatial-temporal coupling of rift-basin structural transformation，sand-body connectivity，climatic transition，and preservation conditions is therefore the key control on large-scale uranium enrichment in the study area.
[1] 聂凤军，江思宏，白大明，等. 蒙古国南部及邻区金属矿床类型及其时空分布特征[J]. 地球学报，2010，31(3)：267-288.
[2] Jamsrandor J G. Uranium deposits of Mongolia[M]. Switzerland AG：Springer，2025.
[3] Mironov Y B. Uranium of Mongolia [M]. London：Center for Russian and Central EurAsian Mineral Studies (CERCAMS)，2006.
[4] 张金带. 我国砂岩型铀矿成矿理论的创新和发展[J]. 铀矿地质，2016，32(6): 321-332.
[5] 金若时，滕雪明. 中国北方砂岩型铀矿大规模成矿作用[J]. 华北地质，2022，45(1): 42-57.
[6] 程银行，张天福，曾威，等. 中国北方中新生代盆地砂岩型铀超常富集的驱动力[J]. 大地构造与成矿学，2020，44(4): 590-606.
[7] Zhang J，Li Z Y. Uranium potential and regional metallogeny in China [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)，2008，82(4): 741-744.
[8] Hocquet S，Quiniou B，Kussainov G，et al. Development of a new uranium mining project: results from production field test on Zuuvch Ovoo deposit[C]// Technical Meeting on Advances and Innovations in the Exploration and Mining of Sandstone Uranium Deposits. Uzbekistan：Samarkand，2025.
[9] 康世虎，杨建新，刘武生，等. 二连盆地中部古河谷砂岩型铀矿成矿特征及潜力分析 [J]. 铀矿地质，2017，33(4): 206-214.
[10] 刘武生，李西得，薛宗安，等. 内蒙古二连盆地哈达图铀矿床地球化学特征及其地质意义 [J]. 铀矿地质，2020，36(5): 325-335+372.
[11] 吕永华，康世虎，刘武生，等. 二连盆地哈达图铀矿床关键控矿要素与成矿模式研究[J]. 铀矿地质，2021，37(4): 584-592.
[12] 李子颖，刘武生，李伟涛，等. 内蒙古二连盆地哈达图砂岩铀矿渗出铀成矿作用 [J]. 中国地质，2022，49(4): 1009-1047.
[13] Meng Q R，Zhou Z H，Zhu R X，et al. Cretaceous basin evolution in northeast Asia：tectonic responses to the paleo-Pacific plate subduction [J]. National Science Review，2022.
[14] Meng Q R. What drove late Mesozoic extension of the northern China–Mongolia tract? [J]. Tectonophysics，2003，369(3/4): 155-174.
[15] Ren J，Tamaki K，Li S，et al. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in eastern China and adjacent areas [J]. Tectonophysics，2002，344(3): 175-205.
[16] Suo Y，Li S，Cao X，et al. Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin inversion and geodynamics in East China：a review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews，2020，210: 103357.
[17] Traynor J J，Sladen C. Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Mongolian People’s Republic and its influence on hydrocarbon geology and potential[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology，1995，12(1): 35-52.
[18] Li S，Suo Y，Li X，et al. Mesozoic tectono-magmatic response in the East Asian ocean-continent connection zone to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate[J]. Earth-Science Reviews，2019，192：91-137.
[19] ?eng?r A M C，Natal’In B A，Burtman V S. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia [J]. Nature，1993，364(6435): 299-307.
[20] Xiao W，Kr?ner A，Windley B. Geodynamic evolution of Central Asia in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences，2009，98(6): 1185-1188.
[21] Xiao W，Windley B F，Sun S，et al. A Tale of amalgamation of three permo-triassic collage systems in central Asia：oroclines，sutures，and terminal accretion [J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences，2015，43(1): 477-507.
[22] Ren Q，Zhang S，Wu Y，et al. New Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Paleomagnetic results from north China and southern Mongolia and their implications for the evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth，2018，123(12): 10370-10398.
[23] Wang T，Guo L，Zhang L，et al. Timing and evolution of Jurassic–Cretaceous granitoid magmatisms in the Mongol–Okhotsk belt and adjacent areas，NE Asia：implications for transition from contractional crustal thickening to extensional thinning and geodynamic settings [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences，2015，97: 365-392.
[24] Meng Q R，Hu J M，Jin J Q，et al. Tectonics of the late Mesozoic wide extensional basin system in the China–Mongolia border region [J]. Basin Research，2003，15(3): 397-415.
[25] Wang T，Guo L，Zheng Y，et al. Timing and processes of late Mesozoic mid-lower-crustal extension in continental NE Asia and implications for the tectonic setting of the destruction of the North China Craton：mainly constrained by zircon U–Pb ages from metamorphic core complexes[J]. Lithos，2012，154: 315-345.
[26] Liu C，Li Z，Liu W，et al. Unrecognized post-rifting deposition and uplift history of the Erlian basin，Northern China：evidence from seismic reflection data and apatite fission-track thermochronology[J]. Tectonophysics，2022，833: 229374.
[27] Guo Z X，Shi Y P，Yang Y T，et al. Inversion of the Erlian basin (NE China) in the early Late Cretaceous：implications for the collision of the Okhotomorsk Block with East Asia [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences，2018，154: 49-66.
[28] 王鸿祯，何国琦，张世红. 中国与蒙古之地质[J]. 地学前缘，2006(6): 1-13.
[29] 任纪舜，赵磊，徐芹芹 等. 中国的全球构造位置和地球动力系统[J]. 地质学报，2016，90(09): 2100-2108.Ren Jishun，Zhao Lei，Xu Qinqin，et al. Global tectonic position and geodynamic system of China [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica，2016，90(9): 2100-2108（in Chinese）.
[30] Bonnetti C，Cuney M，Bourlange S，et al. Primary uranium sources for sedimentary-hosted uranium deposits in NE China：insight from basement igneous rocks of the Erlian Basin [J]. Mineralium Deposita，2017，52: 297-315.
[31] Wang T，Tong Y，Zhang L，et al. Phanerozoic granitoids in the central and eastern parts of Central Asia and their tectonic significance [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences，2017，145：368-392.
[32] Huuse M，Clausen O R. Morphology and origin of major Cenozoic sequence boundaries in the eastern North Sea basin：top Eocene，near-top Oligocene and the mid-Miocene unconformity [J]. Basin Research，2001，13(1): 17-41.
[33] Rüpke L H，Schmalholz S M，Schmid D W，et al. Automated thermotectono-stratigraphic basin reconstruction: Viking Graben case study[J]. AAPG Bulletin，2008，92(3): 309-326.
[34] 孟庆任，胡健民，袁选俊，等. 中蒙边界地区晚中生代伸展盆地的结构、演化和成因[J]. 地质通报，2002，21(4/5)：224-231.
[35] 崔永谦，童亨茂，李先平，等. 二连盆地早燕山期构造体制及原型盆地推测[J]. 地质学报，2011，85(8): 1265-1273.
[36] 漆家福，赵贤正，李先平，等. 二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布及其与基底构造的关系[J]. 地学前缘，2015，22(3): 118-128.
[37] Wu Q，Wang Y，Huang Y，et al. Using seismic petrophysical modeling and prestack simultaneous inversion to provide insights into the physical properties of uranium-bearing reservoirs：implications for favorable sites of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits [J]. Geophysics，2024，89(2): JM13-JM28.
[38] Guo Z X，Zhao X Z，Yang Y T，et al. Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Erlian basin，northeast China：records of polyphase intracontinental deformation in northeast Asia[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology，2018，96: 405-428.
[39] Graham S A，Hendrix M S，Johnson C L，et al. Sedimentary record and tectonic implications of Mesozoic rifting in southeast Mongolia[J]. Geol Soc Am Bull 2001，113(12): 1560-1579.
[40] Hasegawa H，Ando H，Hasebe N，et al. Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle-Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia[J]. Island Arc，2018，27(3): e12243.
[41] 王春田. 东戈壁盆地宗巴音凹陷构造研究[D]. 青岛：中国海洋大学，2003.
[42] Prost G L. Tectonics and hydrocarbon systems of the East Gobi basin，Mongolia [J]. AAPG Bulletin，2004，88(4): 483-513.
[43] 郭亚俊，赵志刚，胡金堂，等. 东戈壁盆地宗巴音凹陷构造发育特征研究[J]. 中国石油勘探，2009，14(2): 14-22+30.
[44] Ji Z，Wan C B，Meng Q A，et al. Chronostratigraphic framework of late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the Hailar-Tamtsag basin，Northeast China，and its geodynamic implication [J]. Geological Journal，2019，55(7): 5197-5215.
[45] Ge J，Zhu X，Wang R，et al. Tectono-sedimentary evolution and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Early Cretaceous Tanan depression，Tamtsag Basin，Mongolia [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology，2018，94: 43-64.
[46] 刘武生. 银额盆地砂岩型铀矿资源大数据综合预测技术及示范应用研究核技术研发 [R]. 北京：核工业北京地质研究院，2025.
[47] Heumann M J，Johnson C L，Webb L E. Plate interior polyphase fault systems and sedimentary basin evolution：a case study of the East Gobi basin and East Gobi fault zone，southeastern Mongolia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences，2018，151: 343-358.
[48] 陈均亮. 海拉尔-塔木察格盆地构造特征与演化研究 [D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2011.
[49] 卫平生，张虎权，陈启林，等. 银根-额济纳旗盆地下白垩统银根组的确立[J]. 地层学杂志，2007，(2): 184-189.
[50] 陈志鹏，任战利，祁凯，等. 银额盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世巴音戈壁组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义[J]. 地质学报，2019，93(2): 353-367.
[51] 钟福平，钟建华，王毅，等. 银根-额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世火山岩对阿尔金断裂研究的科学意义 [J]. 地学前缘，2011，18(3): 233-240.
[52] 钟福平，钟建华，艾合买提江·阿不都热合曼，等. 华北克拉通破坏时间与破坏范围分布特征--来自银根-额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世火山岩的启示 [J]. 中国地质，2015，42(2): 435-456.
[53] Liu B，Hao P，Li P，et al. Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic–palaeogeographical evolution of Bayingobi Basin: response to subduction and collision of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean plate [J]. Journal of the Geological Society，2024，181(4).
[54] Hui J，Cheng H，Zhang J，et al. Early Cretaceous continent basalts in the Alxa Block，NW China：geochronology，geochemistry，and tectonic implications[J]. International Geology Review，2020，63(7): 882-899.
[55] 吴仁贵，周万蓬，徐喆，等. 巴音戈壁盆地苏红图组时代归属研究 [J]. 铀矿地质，2010，26(03): 152-157.Wu Rengui，Zhou Wanpen，Xu Ze，et al. Distribution on the chronology of Suhongtu formation in Bayingobi basin [J]. Uranium Geology，2010，26(3): 152-157（in Chinese）.
[56] Zhu R，Pan Y，He H，et al. Palaeomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar age from a Cretaceous volcanic sequence，Inner Mongolia，China：implications for the field variation during the Cretaceous normal superchron[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors，2008，169(1/4)：59-75.
[57] Jerzykiewicz T，Russell D A. Late Mesozoic stratigraphy and vertebrates of the Gobi Basin[J]. Cretaceous Research，1991，12(4): 345-377.
[58] 孙敏，郭知鑫，杨永太，等. 二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层:来自锆石U-Pb定年的证据 [J]. 地层学杂志，2017，41(1): 48-64.
[59] Bowen G J，Koch P L，Meng J，et al. Age and correlation of fossiliferous late paleocene-early Eocene Strata of the Erlian Basin，Inner Mongolia，China [J]. American Museum Novitates，2005，3474(May 2005): 1-26.
[60] 陈志鹏，任战利，崔军平，等. 银额盆地哈日凹陷YHC1井高产油气层时代归属及油气地质意义 [J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019，40(2): 354-368.
[61] 卫平生，张虎权，陈启林. 银根-额济纳旗盆地油气地质特征及勘探前景[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2006.
[62] Guo Z X，Yang Y T，Zhao X Z，et al. Early Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Erlian Basin，NE China：a record of Late Mesozoic intraplate deformation in East Asia [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology，2019，110: 539-564.
[63] 聂逢君，陈安平，胡青华，等. 内蒙古二连盆地早白垩世砂岩型铀矿目的层时代探讨[J]. 地层学杂志，2007，(3): 272-279.
[64] Bonnetti C，Malartre F，Huault V，et al. Sedimentology，stratigraphy and palynological occurrences of the late Cretaceous Erlian formation，Erlian basin，Inner Mongolia，People’s Republic of China[J]. Cretaceous Research，2014，48: 177-192.
[65] Royer D L，Berner R A，Monta?ez I P，et al. CO_(2) as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate [J]. GSA Today，2004，14(3): 4-10.
[66] 肖安成，杨树锋，陈汉林. 二连盆地形成的地球动力学背景 [J]. 石油与天然气地质，2001，22(02): 137-140+45.Xiao Ancheng，Yang Shufeng，Chen Hanlin. Geodynamic background on formation of Erlian basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology，2001，22(2): 137-140+45（in Chinese）.
[67] Heumann M J，Johnson C L，Webb L E，et al. Total and incremental left-lateral displacement across the East Gobi Fault Zone，southern Mongolia: Implications for timing and modes of polyphase intracontinental deformation [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters，2014，392: 1-15.
[68] Sandwell D T，Müller R D，Smith W H F，et al. New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure [J]. Science，2014，346(6205): 65-7.
[69] 朱筱敏，陈贺贺，葛家旺，等. 陆相断陷湖盆层序构型与砂体发育分布特征 [J]. 石油与天然气地质，2022，43(4): 746-762.
[70] Lin C，Kenneth E，Li S，et al. Sequence architecture，depositional systems，and controls on development of lacustrine basin fills in part of the Erlian basin，northeast China [J]. AAPG Bulletin，2001，85(11): 2017-2045.
[71] Boucot A J，Gray J. A critique of Phanerozoic climatic models involving changes in the CO2 content of the atmosphere [J]. Earth-Science Reviews，2001，56(1): 1-159.
[72] 卫平生，姚清洲，吴时国. 银根-额济纳旗盆地白垩纪地层、古生物群和古环境研究 [J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2005，(2): 17-21+26.
[73] 陶明华，崔周旗，陈国强. 中国东北部中生代孢粉组合序列及古气候演变[J]. 微体古生物学报，2013，30(3): 275-287.
[74] 王丽岩，孙跃武，乔秀云，等. 海拉尔盆地早白垩世孢粉古气候特征[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2008，(5): 38-42.
[75] 孙革. 中国东北地区东部白垩纪植物群及地层新知 [J]. 地质与资源，2022，31(03): 289-302.Sun Ge. New information on the research results of cretaceous flora and strata in eastern northeast China[J]. Geology and Resources，2022，31(3): 289-302（in Chinese）.
[76] Hasegawa H，Tada R，Jiang X，et al. Drastic shrinking of the Hadley circulation during the mid-Cretaceous Supergreenhouse[J]. Climate of the Past，2012，8: 1323-1337.
[77] Royer D L，Berner R A，Park J. Climate sensitivity constrained by CO_(2) concentrations over the past 420?million years [J]. Nature，2007，446(7135)：530-532.
基本信息:
中图分类号:P619.14
引用信息:
[1]刘持恒,蔡煜琦,刘武生,等.中-蒙边境地区裂谷盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿环境及区域铀成矿规律研究[J].世界核地质科学().
基金信息:
核工业地质局铀矿地勘项目（编号：202446-4）; 中核集团青年英才项目（编号：地QNYC2403）;中核集团集中研发项目（编号：地SD二期-01）共同资助
2026-07-15
2026-07-15
2026-07-15